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power_of_evolution:evolution_engineering_comparison:energy_efficiency_of_north_american_p-51_mustang [2022/09/21 07:37] (current)
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| | ====== Energy efficiency of North American P-51 Mustang ====== |
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| | // Published 05 November, 2020; last updated 10 December, 2020 // |
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| | <p>The North American P-51 Mustang:</p> |
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| | <li><div class="li">flew around 0.073—0.092 m/kJ</div></li> |
| | <li><div class="li">and moved mass at around 0.25 – 0.50 kg.m/J</div></li> |
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| | ===== Details ===== |
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| | <p>The <em>North American P-51 Mustang</em> was a 1940 US WWII fighter and fighter-bomber.<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-1-2737"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-1-2737" title='The&nbsp;<strong>North American Aviation P-51 Mustang</strong>&nbsp;is an American long-range, single-seat&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter_aircraft">fighter</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter-bomber">fighter-bomber</a>&nbsp;used during&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II">World War II</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War">Korean War</a>, among other conflicts. The Mustang was designed in April 1940 by a design team headed by James Kindelberger<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Aviation">North American Aviation</a>&nbsp;(NAA) in response to a requirement of the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Purchasing_Commission">British Purchasing Commission</a>.”</p> <p>“North American P-51 Mustang.” In <em>Wikipedia</em>, October 19, 2020. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&amp;oldid=984347874">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&amp;oldid=984347874</a>.'><sup>1</sup></a></span></p> |
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| | ==== Mass ==== |
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| | <p>According to Wikipedia<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-2-2737"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-2-2737" title='“North American P-51 Mustang.” In <em>Wikipedia</em>, October 19, 2020. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&amp;oldid=984347874">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&amp;oldid=984347874</a>.'><sup>2</sup></a></span>:</p> |
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| | <ul> |
| | <li><div class="li"><strong>Empty weight:</strong> 7,635 lb (3,465 kg)</div></li> |
| | <li><div class="li"><strong>Gross weight:</strong> 9,200 lb (4,175 kg)</div></li> |
| | <li><div class="li"><strong>Max takeoff weight:</strong> 12,100 lb (5,488 kg)</div></li> |
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| | <p>We use the range 3,465—5,488 kg, since we do not know at what weight in that range the relevant speeds were measured.</p> |
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| | ==== Distance per Joule ==== |
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| | <p>Wikipedia tells us that cruising speed was 362 mph (162 m/s)<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-3-2737"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-3-2737" title='“North American P-51 Mustang.” In <em>Wikipedia</em>, October 19, 2020. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&amp;oldid=984347874">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&amp;oldid=984347874</a>.'><sup>3</sup></a></span></p> |
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| | <p>A table from <em>WWII Aircraft Performance</em> gives combinations of flight parameters apparently for a version of the P-51, however it has no title or description, so we cannot be confident. <span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-4-2737"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-4-2737" title='“P-51D_15342_AppendixB.Pdf.” Accessed November 5, 2020. <a href="http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/mustang/P-51D_15342_AppendixB.pdf">http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/mustang/P-51D_15342_AppendixB.pdf</a>.'><sup>4</sup></a></span> We extracted some data from it <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RsewNj8d8JDlL9628xioi2vcVeG0oPMKlC8u59FVvA4/edit?usp=sharing">here</a>. This data suggests the best combination of parameters gives a fuel economy of 6.7 miles/gallon (10.8km)</p> |
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| | <p>We don’t know what fuel was used, but fuel energy density seems likely to be between 31—39 MJ/L = 117—148 MJ/gallon.<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-5-2737"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-5-2737" title='Wikipedia lists energy densities for a variety of fuels, and those for petroleum, 100LL avgas, diesel, and jet fuel are within this range and seem likely to be similar to that used.</p> <p>“Energy Density.” In <em>Wikipedia</em>, September 21, 2020. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_density&amp;oldid=979608484">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_density&amp;oldid=979608484</a>.'><sup>5</sup></a></span></p> |
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| | <p>Thus the plane flew about 10.8km on 117—148 MJ of fuel, for 0.073—0.092 m/kJ</p> |
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| | ==== Mass.distance per Joule ==== |
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| | <p>We have:</p> |
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| | <li><div class="li">Distance per kilojoule: 0.073—0.092 m/kJ</div></li> |
| | <li><div class="li">Mass: 3,465—5,488 kg</div></li> |
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| | <p>This gives us a range of 0.25 – 0.50 kg.m/J</p> |
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| | <p><br/> |
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| | <em>Primary author: Ronny Fernandez</em></p> |
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| | ===== Notes ===== |
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| | <ol class="easy-footnotes-wrapper"> |
| | <li><div class="li"> |
| | <span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-1-2737"></span>The <strong>North American Aviation P-51 Mustang</strong> is an American long-range, single-seat <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter_aircraft">fighter</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter-bomber">fighter-bomber</a> used during <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II">World War II</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War">Korean War</a>, among other conflicts. The Mustang was designed in April 1940 by a design team headed by James Kindelberger<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Aviation">North American Aviation</a> (NAA) in response to a requirement of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Purchasing_Commission">British Purchasing Commission</a>.” |
| | <p>“North American P-51 Mustang.” In <em>Wikipedia</em>, October 19, 2020. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&oldid=984347874">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&oldid=984347874</a>.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-1-2737"></a></p> |
| | </div></li> |
| | <li><div class="li"> |
| | <span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-2-2737"></span>“North American P-51 Mustang.” In <em>Wikipedia</em>, October 19, 2020. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&oldid=984347874">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&oldid=984347874</a>.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-2-2737"></a> |
| | </div></li> |
| | <li><div class="li"> |
| | <span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-3-2737"></span>“North American P-51 Mustang.” In <em>Wikipedia</em>, October 19, 2020. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&oldid=984347874">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_P-51_Mustang&oldid=984347874</a>.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-3-2737"></a> |
| | </div></li> |
| | <li><div class="li"> |
| | <span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-4-2737"></span>“P-51D_15342_AppendixB.Pdf.” Accessed November 5, 2020. <a href="http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/mustang/P-51D_15342_AppendixB.pdf">http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.org/mustang/P-51D_15342_AppendixB.pdf</a>.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-4-2737"></a> |
| | </div></li> |
| | <li><div class="li"> |
| | <span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-5-2737"></span>Wikipedia lists energy densities for a variety of fuels, and those for petroleum, 100LL avgas, diesel, and jet fuel are within this range and seem likely to be similar to that used. |
| | <p>“Energy Density.” In <em>Wikipedia</em>, September 21, 2020. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_density&oldid=979608484">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Energy_density&oldid=979608484</a>.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-5-2737"></a></p> |
| | </div></li> |
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