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====== Historic trends in flight airspeed records ======

// Published 07 February, 2020; last updated 23 April, 2020 //

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<p>Flight airspeed records between 1903 and 1976 contained one greater than 10-year discontinuity: a 19-year discontinuity corresponding to the Fairey Delta 2 flight in 1956.</p>
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<p>The average annual growth in flight airspeed markedly increased with the Fairey Delta 2, from 16mph/year to 129mph/year.</p>
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===== Details =====


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<p>This case study is part of AI Impacts’ <a href="/doku.php?id=ai_timelines:discontinuous_progress_investigation">discontinuous progress investigation</a>.</p>
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==== Background ====


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<p>Flight airspeed records are measured relative to particular classes of aircraft, with official rules defined by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). is “the highest airspeed attained by any aircraft of a particular class”.<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-1-1624"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-1-1624" title="&amp;#8220;An air speed record is the highest airspeed attained by an aircraft of a particular class. The rules for all official aviation records are defined by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI),[1] which also ratifies any claims. Speed records are divided into multiple classes with sub-divisions. There are three classes of aircraft: landplanes, seaplanes, and amphibians; then within these classes, there are records for aircraft in a number of weight categories. There are still further subdivisions for piston-engined, turbojet, turboprop, and rocket-engined aircraft. Within each of these groups, records are defined for speed over a straight course and for closed circuits of various sizes carrying various payloads.&amp;#8221; &amp;#8220;Flight Airspeed Record&amp;#8221;. 2019. &lt;em&gt;En.Wikipedia.Org&lt;/em&gt;. Accessed May 25 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_airspeed_record."><sup>1</sup></a></span></p>
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==== Trends ====


=== Flight airspeed records ===


== Data ==


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<p>We took data from Wikipedia’s list of flight airspeed records<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-2-1624"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-2-1624" title="&amp;#8220;Flight Airspeed Record&amp;#8221;. 2019. &lt;em&gt;En.Wikipedia.Org&lt;/em&gt;. Accessed May 25 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_airspeed_record."><sup>2</sup></a></span> (which we have not verified) and added it to <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1m7xLC684oPjwnjLGOskV0LyO_JOeQh7G23f55ihPva4/edit?usp=sharing">this spreadsheet</a>. We understand it to be fastest records across all classes of manned aircraft that are able to take off under their own power, but it is not well explained on the page. We included only official airspeed records. See Figure 1 below.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<img alt="" height="358" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/8t3ONdcpzCrC_6h34Pb5XSS4h1MkCt8HAZ-FbzJYJpHykEOCPV4KDAk-3Bt0LGhTvY_iCXAzJotvOABhAq4QflopZdvbvvED4Y4-K4qiWAH1WjLO03YR143gayqc-L_RJpRy1KXS" width="580"/>
<figcaption>
<strong>Figure 1:</strong> Flight airspeed records over time
                </figcaption>
</figure>
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== Discontinuity measurement ==


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<p>We treat the data as linear, and once deem it to have begun a new trend, for the purpose of determining the past rate of progress. <span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-3-1624"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-3-1624" title='See &lt;a href="https://aiimpacts.org/methodology-for-discontinuity-investigation/#trend-fitting"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;our methodology page&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; for more details.'><sup>3</sup></a></span> We calculate the size of discontinuities in <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1m7xLC684oPjwnjLGOskV0LyO_JOeQh7G23f55ihPva4/edit?usp=sharing"><strong>this spreadsheet</strong></a>.<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-4-1624"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-4-1624" title='See &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://aiimpacts.org/methodology-for-discontinuity-investigation/"&gt;our methodology page&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for details.'><sup>4</sup></a></span> In 1956, there was a 19-year discontinuity in flight airspeed records with the Fairey Delta 2 flight.</p>
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<p>We tabulated a number of other related metrics <strong><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1iMIZ57Ka9-ZYednnGeonC-NqwGC7dKiHN9S-TAxfVdQ/edit?usp=sharing">here</a></strong>.<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-5-1624"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-5-1624" title='See &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://aiimpacts.org/methodology-for-discontinuity-investigation/#discontinuity-data"&gt;our methodology page&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for more details.'><sup>5</sup></a></span></p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image is-resized">
<img alt="" height="435" loading="lazy" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/of_EyYHBuISjX0q4Yz5NzGxSlm93AsaQBzcCmrgJvIzl1zctzuhaXA_mB6-UaINmQoa1-L0T-2fx717elAoiq5VvpiOX4VPJSW070ebpOy0cZO3vF2mzwkWXtsUhhPsTRcn60OND" width="580"/>
<figcaption>
                  Figure 2: Fairey Delta 2<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-6-1624"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-6-1624" title='&lt;a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fairey_Delta_2_(4842903791).jpg"&gt;From Wikimedia Commons: &lt;/a&gt;Roland Turner from Birmingham, Great Britain [CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)]'><sup>6</sup></a></span>, whose 1956 record represented a 19 year discontinuity.
                </figcaption>
</figure>
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== Change in the growth rate ==


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<p>The average annual growth in flight airspeed markedly increased at around the time of the Fairey Delta 2. Airspeed records grew by an average of 16mph/year up until the one before Fairey Delta 2, whereas from that point until 1965 they grew by an average of 129mph/year.<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-7-1624"></span><span class="easy-footnote"><a href="#easy-footnote-bottom-7-1624" title='See &lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1m7xLC684oPjwnjLGOskV0LyO_JOeQh7G23f55ihPva4/edit?usp=sharing"&gt;spreadsheet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; for calculations.'><sup>7</sup></a></span></p>
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===== Notes =====


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<ol class="easy-footnotes-wrapper">
<li><div class="li">
<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-1-1624"></span>“An air speed record is the highest airspeed attained by an aircraft of a particular class. The rules for all official aviation records are defined by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI),[1] which also ratifies any claims. Speed records are divided into multiple classes with sub-divisions. There are three classes of aircraft: landplanes, seaplanes, and amphibians; then within these classes, there are records for aircraft in a number of weight categories. There are still further subdivisions for piston-engined, turbojet, turboprop, and rocket-engined aircraft. Within each of these groups, records are defined for speed over a straight course and for closed circuits of various sizes carrying various payloads.” “Flight Airspeed Record”. 2019. <em>En.Wikipedia.Org</em>. Accessed May 25 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_airspeed_record.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-1-1624"></a>
</div></li>
<li><div class="li">
<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-2-1624"></span>“Flight Airspeed Record”. 2019. <em>En.Wikipedia.Org</em>. Accessed May 25 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_airspeed_record.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-2-1624"></a>
</div></li>
<li><div class="li">
<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-3-1624"></span>See <a href="/doku.php?id=speed_of_ai_transition:pace_of_ai_progress_without_feedback:historical_continuity_of_progress:methodology_for_discontinuous_progress_investigation#trend-fitting"><strong>our methodology page</strong></a> for more details.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-3-1624"></a>
</div></li>
<li><div class="li">
<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-4-1624"></span>See <strong><a href="/doku.php?id=speed_of_ai_transition:pace_of_ai_progress_without_feedback:historical_continuity_of_progress:methodology_for_discontinuous_progress_investigation">our methodology page</a></strong> for details.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-4-1624"></a>
</div></li>
<li><div class="li">
<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-5-1624"></span>See <strong><a href="/doku.php?id=speed_of_ai_transition:pace_of_ai_progress_without_feedback:historical_continuity_of_progress:methodology_for_discontinuous_progress_investigation#discontinuity-data">our methodology page</a></strong> for more details.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-5-1624"></a>
</div></li>
<li><div class="li">
<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-6-1624"></span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fairey_Delta_2_(4842903791).jpg">From Wikimedia Commons:</a> Roland Turner from Birmingham, Great Britain [CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)]<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-6-1624"></a>
</div></li>
<li><div class="li">
<span class="easy-footnote-margin-adjust" id="easy-footnote-bottom-7-1624"></span>See <strong><a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1m7xLC684oPjwnjLGOskV0LyO_JOeQh7G23f55ihPva4/edit?usp=sharing">spreadsheet</a></strong> for calculations.<a class="easy-footnote-to-top" href="#easy-footnote-7-1624"></a>
</div></li>
</ol>
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