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====== March 2023 Recent trends in funding for AI companies ======

//Published 29 March, 2023; Last major updated 3 April, 2023//

//13 July, 2023 update: Since the last major update for this page, several AI companies have received large investments, including \$1.3B for Inflection AI, \$500M for SandboxAQ, \$450M for Anthropic, \$350M for Adept AI, \$300M for OpenAI, \$270M for Cohere, and \$150M for character.ai.//

//For broader, but less up to date analysis, see [[ai_timelines:ai_inputs:funding_of_ai_research|Funding of AI Research]].//

According to Crunchbase, funding for AI companies averaged \$36B/year from January 2018 through August 2020, rose sharply to average \$87B in 2021, then dropped to average \$37B from July 2022 to March 2023, during which time funding for OpenAI and Anthropic accounted for more than a third of all funding.

===== Details =====

We used Crunchbase to find investment data for private AI companies that received funding between January 2018 and March 2023, and received at least $3M of total funding over the lifetime of the company. We additionally identified major AI labs that received funding from January 2018 to March 2023. 

Companies were identified based on their industry categorization on Crunchbase (either "Artificial Intelligence" or "Machine Learning"). We did not make a strong effort to discern how much these companies' efforts go toward AI-related activities, but our impression from examining a small sample is that, while most of the companies included make some claim to using AI, many are using relatively unsophisticated technology or do not use AI as part of their core business model.

All of the values in this article have been adjusted for inflation, unless otherwise indicated. This does not make a large difference--most of the aggregate statistics are changed by about 10% or less.((For comparison, the standard deviation for total annual funding was 40% of the average, and the 75th percentile funding round raised 8x as much as the 25th percentile round.))

This data does not reflect the overall amount of investment in AI. For example, it does not include spending by companies with their own funding (e.g. Google spending on AI R&D), government contracts, or any private investment not captured by Crunchbase. While collecting data, we found several cases of missing data from Crunchbase. This suggests that our dataset may be incomplete, possibly in a misleading way. We have not tried to fill in or correct for missing data or systematically check for bias missing data.

Some of our data can be found in [[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mHiSl3lRcqwcEZgPLt3muVM-5ZYoD4_W8lzBJ-KrGh0/edit?usp=sharing|this spreadsheet]].((Due to limitations in our Crunchbase license, we are unable to share our full dataset. If you have questions that you are unable to answer using the data we are sharing, please let us know.)) Our methods are explained in more detail in the [[wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:recent_trends_in_ai_investment#Methods|Methods]] section.

==== Results ====

Between January 1, 2018 and March 28, 2023, approximately 9,000 AI companies raised \$267 billion. Of that funding, \$263B went to 4,483 companies across 9,958 funding rounds. This represents about 19% of funding for all software companies during that time, and 4.6% of funding for all companies from any industry during that time. Monthly funding for AI and software is shown in Figure 1, and cumulative funding is shown in Figure 2. The large spike in AI funding in January 2023 is a $10 billion investment in OpenAI by Microsoft, which was the largest ever investment in an AI company, and was tied for the third largest investment ever in any software company, according to Crunchbase.

[{{:wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:monthly_funding_for_ai_and_software.png?direct&600|Figure 1: Money raised by AI companies for each month (blue bars) and by all software companies (red line) from January 2018 to March 2023. The data for all software companies is averaged over each quarter and scaled down by a factor of 5 to make comparisons easier. The large amount of funding in January 2023 is due primarily to a $10B investment in OpenAI by Microsoft. Source: Crunchbase}}]

[{{:wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:cumulative_investment_since_2018.png?direct&600|Figure 2: Cumulative funding for AI (blue line) and all software companies (red line) from January 2018 to March 2023. The data for all software has been scaled down by a factor of 5 for easier comparison. Source: Crunchbase}}]

Funding for AI companies over the past five years has been a departure from the longer-term trend, which showed rapid, sustained growth, as shown in figures 3 and 4.

[{{:wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:annual_money_raised_since_1990.png?600|Figure 3: Annual funding for AI companies (blue bars) and all software companies (red line) since 1990. The vertical axis is on a logarithmic scale. For 2023, the values are scaled based on the rate of funding so far, so they show what funding for the full year will be if it continues to accumulate at the same rate. Source: Crunchbase}}]

[{{:wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:total_money_raised_since_1990.png?600|Figure 4: Cumulative funding for AI companies (blue bars) and all software companies (red line) since 1990. The vertical axis is on a logarithmic scale. Source: Crunchbase}}]

We identified 15 major or otherwise notable AI labs at private companies, based on major advances in AI research, the 2020 Survey of Artificial General Intelligence Projects for Ethics, Risk, and Policy, and our own judgement. Funding for these labs is shown, along with all other funding rounds in our database, in Figure 5.

[{{:wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:funding_rounds_since_2018_with_cruise.png?600|Figure 5: All funding rounds for companies with $\ge$\$3M total funding, from January 2018 to March 2023. Large funding rounds for notable labs are labeled (click the image for a larger version). Note the log scale on the vertical axis. Source: Crunchbase }}]

Funding rounds appear to be roughly log-normally distributed in money raised, though we did not perform any formal statistical tests to verify this. The number of funding rounds by size and year is shown in Figure 6, and the distribution of money across funding rounds of varying sizes is shown in Figure 7.

[{{:wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:number_of_funding_rounds_by_year_and_size_of_funding_round.png?direct&600|Figure 6: Number of funding rounds by money raised. Colored bands show the number for a given year, and the height of each bar represents the total for January 2018 to March 2023. Source: Crunchbase}}]

[{{:wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:amount_of_funding_by_year_and_size_of_funding_round.png?direct&600|Figure 7: Amount of money raised for each funding size bin. Colored bands show the amount for a given year, and the height of each bar represents the total for January 2018 to March 2023. Bins for funding rounds less than $300k are excluded. Source: Crunchbase}}]

==== Methods ====

=== Search criteria ===

We searched Crunchbase for investment data on companies with "Artificial Intelligence" or "Machine Learning" listed as one of its industries, which had received funding since January 2018. Due to the difficulty of extracting large datasets from Crunchbase, we excluded companies with less than $3M of total funding, which reduced the size of the dataset by about 40%, while reducing the total funding included in the dataset by only 1.5%.

For long-term investments, we did not filter out companies with less than $3M of total funding.

=== List of notable labs ===

We created a list of major AI labs that received private investment since 2018. This was done the following way:

  - For companies included in the [[https://gcrinstitute.org/papers/055_agi-2020.pdf|2020 Survey of Artificial General Intelligence Projects for Ethics, Risk, and Policy]] from GCRI((McKenna Fitzgerald, Aaron Boddy, and Seth D. Baum, 2020. 2020 Survey of Artificial General Intelligence Projects for Ethics, Risk, and Policy. Global Catastrophic Risk Institute Technical Report 20-1.)), we checked Crunchbase for recent funding rounds. Of the 72 projects included in the survey, 24 were associated with private companies and 11 of those had received funding since 2018. Three companies (Optimizing Mind, ORBAI, and FutureAI) had not been included in the original Crunchbase query, because they had not met the $3M cutoff.
  - To identify influential AI labs, we searched the [[https://paperswithcode.com/methods|Methods page]] on Papers with Code for machine learning methods that had been used in at least 400 publications. If one of the authors for the publication introducing the method had a private company as an institutional affiliation, that company was added to a list. This resulted in 15 companies or organizations within companies, which was then filtered to exclude any that had not received private funding since 2018, leaving only one (SenseTime) that was not already included in our list of notable labs.
  - Finally, we added companies that are known to us to be major players in AI development, or that commonly appear in lists of companies advancing the state of the art in AI. Only three such companies had recent funding data on Crunchbase, and had not already been included for other reasons (Cruise, Darktrace, and Stability AI).

The complete list of notable labs is in the [[wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:recent_trends_in_ai_investment#appendix|Appendix]].

=== Inflation correction ===

We obtained Consumer Price Index data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics((https://www.bls.gov/cpi/data.htm)). The dataset we used was for all prices for all urban consumers, seasonally adjusted. The inflation data we used can be found in [[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mHiSl3lRcqwcEZgPLt3muVM-5ZYoD4_W8lzBJ-KrGh0/edit?usp=sharing|this spreadsheet]] under the tab "inflation_data".

=== Random sample of AI companies ===

To evaluate the role that AI played in a typical company categorized as "Artificial Intelligence" or "Machine Learning", we randomly sampled 10 companies that were included in the original dataset. Companies were evaluated informally, by reading the description on Crunchbase, visiting the company's website, and checking for information on how it uses AI or if it does original research on AI. The complete list of companies sampled is in the [[wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:recent_trends_in_ai_investment#appendix|Appendix]].

===== Appendix =====

==== List of notable AI labs ====

The following labs from the dataset were determined to be notable:

^ Company	^Total funding ($M)^
|SingularityNET	|66|
|SenseTime	|2,650|
|Akin	|5.6|
|Graphen	|7.1|
|Cruise	|15,000|
|Intelligent Artifacts	|3.7|
|Darktrace	|230|
|ORBAI	|0.72|
|OpenAI	|11,000|
|Mindtrace	|4.7|
|Anthropic	|1,300|
|Brain Technologies	|51|
|FutureAI	|2.0|
|Optimizing Mind	|0.25|
|Sanctuary Cognitive Systems Corporation	|90|
|Stability AI	|99|

==== List of randomly sampled companies ====

  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/narrative-science|Narrative Science]]
  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/singularity-ai|Singularity AI]]
  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/fidap|Fidap]]
  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/tanku|Tanku]]
  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/dcbrain-2|DCBrain]]
  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/northbeam|Northbeam]]
  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/aesthetic-prosthetic-bionics|Aesthetic Prosthetics]]
  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/capitol-ai|Capitol AI]]
  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/shift-c02b|Shift]]
  - [[https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/epallet|ePallet]]

==== Additional figures ====

Plotting histogram of funding rounds by money raised on a log-log plot shows the data is fit reasonably well by a parabola, suggesting it is log-normally distributed.

{{:wiki:ai_timelines:ai_inputs:histogram_of_funding_rounds_by_money_raised.png?600|}}

//Primary Author: Rick Korzekwa//
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