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speed_of_ai_transition:range_of_human_performance:time_for_ai_to_cross_the_human_performance_range_in_chess [2022/11/02 17:30] rickkorzekwa |
speed_of_ai_transition:range_of_human_performance:time_for_ai_to_cross_the_human_performance_range_in_chess [2022/11/02 19:02] (current) rickkorzekwa |
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==== Human range performance milestones ==== | ==== Human range performance milestones ==== | ||
- | We use the common Elo system for measuring chess performance. Human chess Elo ratings range from around 800 (beginner)((“In general, a beginner (non-scholastic) is 800, the average player is 1500, and professional level is 2200.”)) to 2882 (highest recorded).((“Elo Rating System.” In Wikipedia, October 12, 2020. https:// | + | We use the common Elo system for measuring chess performance. Human chess Elo ratings range from around 800 (beginner)((“In general, a beginner (non-scholastic) is 800, the average player is 1500, and professional level is 2200.”\\ |
- | “Table of top 20 rated players of all-time, with date their best ratings were first achieved…1 2882 Magnus Carlsen May 2014 23 years, 5 months”)) The highest recorded human score is likely higher than it would have been without chess AI existing, since top players can learn from the AI.((“Comparison of Top Chess Players throughout History.” In Wikipedia, July 27, 2020. https:// | + | \\ |
- | For instance, the highest ranked player Magnus Carlsen has called AlphaZero his hero, and his strategy was noted by some to be reminiscent of it:\\ | + | “Elo Rating System.” In Wikipedia, October 12, 2020. https:// |
+ | \\ | ||
+ | “Comparison of Top Chess Players throughout History.” In Wikipedia, July 27, 2020. https:// | ||
\\ | \\ | ||
“This original strategy drew comparisons with the neural network program Alphazero, which Carlsen called his “hero” in a recent interview.” | “This original strategy drew comparisons with the neural network program Alphazero, which Carlsen called his “hero” in a recent interview.” | ||
the Guardian. “Chess: Magnus Carlsen Scores in Alphazero Style in Hunt for Further Records,” June 28, 2019. http:// | the Guardian. “Chess: Magnus Carlsen Scores in Alphazero Style in Hunt for Further Records,” June 28, 2019. http:// | ||
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==== Times for machines to cross ranges ==== | ==== Times for machines to cross ranges ==== | ||
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+ | === Beginner to superhuman range === | ||
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+ | We could not find transparent sources for low computer chess Elo records, but it seems common to place Elo scores of 800-1200 in the 1950s and 1960s. In his book Robot (1999)((Moravec, | ||
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+ | [{{: | ||
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+ | The chess computer Deep Blue famously beat the then world-champion Kasparov under tournament conditions in 1997.((“Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov.” In Wikipedia, October 1, 2020. https:// | ||
+ | reddit. “R/Chess – Deep Blue’s True Elo Rating?” Accessed October 13, 2020. https:// | ||
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+ | According to the Swedish Chess Computer Association records, 2006 is the year when the highest machine Elo rating surpassed the highest human Elo (both the highest at the time, and the highest in 2020). In particular Rybka 1.2 was rated 2902. At the time, the highest human Elo rating was Garry Kasparov at 2851.((“Comparison of Top Chess Players throughout History.” In Wikipedia, July 27, 2020. https:// | ||
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+ | Thus it took around 49 years for computers to progress from beginner human level chess to superhuman chess. | ||
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+ | === Pre-human range === | ||
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+ | The Chess Programming Wiki says that the 1957 Bernstein Chess program was the first complete chess program.((“The Bernstein Chess Program, was the first complete chess program, developed around 1957“ | ||
+ | “The Bernstein Chess Program.” In Chess Programming WIKI. Accessed October 13, 2020. https:// | ||
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+ | ===Superhuman performance range === | ||
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+ | The Swedish Chess Computer Association has measured continued progress. As of July 2020, the best chess machine is rated 3558((“The SSDF Rating List.” Accessed October 15, 2020. https:// | ||
+ | Silver, David, Thomas Hubert, Julian Schrittwieser, | ||
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+ | We know of no particular upper bound to chess performance. | ||
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+ | This suggests that so far the superhuman range in chess playing has permitted at least least 14 years of further progress, and may permit much more. | ||
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+ | //Primary author: Katja Grace// | ||
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+ | ===== Notes ===== |